Microdiscectomy
A minimally invasive procedure to remove herniated disc material that is pressing on a spinal nerve root.
Overview
Microdiscectomy is the most commonly performed surgical procedure for lumbar disc herniation. It is performed through a small incision in the lower back, using magnification to allow precise removal of the herniated disc material — the portion that is compressing the nerve root. The procedure does not remove the entire disc, and it does not involve fusion of the vertebrae. It is a decompression procedure: its purpose is to relieve pressure on the nerve.
Before Surgery
A pre-operative assessment will include a review of your MRI, a clinical examination, and clearance from your physician where required. You will need to fast from the night before surgery. Arrange for someone to drive you home after discharge, and make modest preparations at home — a raised toilet seat and a firm chair at a comfortable height make the early recovery period more manageable.
During Surgery
The procedure is performed under general anaesthesia and typically takes 45 to 90 minutes. A small incision is made in the lower back, and the muscles are gently moved aside rather than cut. Under magnification, the surgeon identifies the affected disc level and removes the herniated fragment pressing on the nerve root. The nerve is carefully protected throughout. No implants or hardware are typically required.
After Surgery
Most patients are able to walk within a few hours of the procedure. Hospital stay is typically one to two days. Pain at the incision site is expected and managed with medication. The radiating leg pain — which was the primary reason for the procedure — often improves quickly, though nerve symptoms such as numbness and tingling may persist for some weeks as the nerve recovers.
Recovery
Activity restrictions in the first two weeks include avoiding heavy lifting, prolonged sitting, and forward bending. Physiotherapy typically begins two to four weeks after surgery. Return to desk-based work is generally possible within four to six weeks. Return to physically demanding work or sport takes three to six months. Individual recovery pace varies, and follow-up appointments track progress and guide the return to activity.
Dr. Viswanath's Approach
Microdiscectomy is performed using a minimally invasive technique, with careful preservation of the surrounding musculature. In cases where anatomy is complex or prior spinal surgery has altered the usual landmarks, the Medtronic StealthStation navigation system is used to confirm level and positioning intraoperatively. The goal is reliable decompression with the smallest necessary intervention.
Medical Disclaimer: This information is provided for educational purposes only and does not constitute medical advice.